Asian Crisis Essay -- essays research papers fc

The start of the Asian money related emergency can be followed back to 2 July 1997. That was the day the Thai Government declared an oversaw buoy of the Baht and approached the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for 'specialized help'. That day the Baht fell around 20 percent against the $US. This turned into the trigger for the Asian money emergency. Inside the week the Philippines and Malaysian Governments were vigorously interceding to shield their monetary forms. While Indonesia mediated and furthermore permitted the cash to move in an enlarged exchanging range a kind of a buoy yet with a story beneath which the money related power acts to safeguard the money against further falls. Before the month's over there was a 'cash emergency' during which the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir assaulted 'rebel theorists' and named the famous examiner and fence investments director, George Soros, as being actually liable for the fall in estimation of the ringgit. Before long other East Asian economies got included, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and others to shifting degrees. Stock and property markets were likewise feeling the weight however the decreases in stock costs would in general show a less unstable yet by and by descending pattern over the vast majority of 1997. By 27 October the emergency had an overall effect, on that day inciting a monstrous reaction on Wall Street with the Dow Jones mechanical normal falling by 554.26 or 7.18 percent, its greatest point fall ever, causing stock trade authorities to suspend exchanging. Nations, for example, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines have grasped an unordinary strategy mix of progression of controls on streams of money related capital from one perspective, and semi fixed/vigorously oversaw conversion scale frameworks on the other. These conversion standard frameworks have been worked to a great extent through linkages with the United States (US) dollar as their grapple. (1) Such outside arrangement blends are just manageable in the more drawn out term if there is close harmonization of monetary/budgetary strategies and conditions with those of the stay nation (for this situation, the United States). Something else, building up capital streams will unavoidably subvert the conversion scale. As opposed to harmonization, there appears to have really been expanded monetary and budgetary difference with the US, particularly as far as current record shortages, expansion and financing costs. The... ..., 'Emergency into Catastrophe?' Financial Times (London), 31 October 1997, p. 15. 8.Max Walsh, 'Help Parcels to Japanese Banks', The New Zealand Herald, 18 November 1998, pp. 25-26; Max Walsh, 'Time for Japan to Save the World', The New Zealand Herald, 21 November 1998, pp. 29-30. 9.John McBeth, 'Large is Best: Indonesia's Rescue Package Draws on the Thai Experience', Far Eastern Economic Review, 13 November 1997, pp. 68-69; Greg Sheridan, 'The Asian Malaise is Curable', 28 November 1997, p. 13. National Business Review 10.Charles Lee, 'The Next Domino?' Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 November 1997, pp. 14-16. 11.Eric Ellis, 'Kim Inspects Mouth of IMF Gift Horse', Australian Financial Review, 24 November 1997, p. 12. 12.Teresa Wyszomierski and Christopher Lingle, "Fortress Japan Under Siege', Australian Financial Review, 19 November 1997, p. 20. 13.Ian MacFarlane, Forbes Magazine Business 1998, pp24-27. 14. Estimates Lowered', The New Zealand Herald, 20 November 1998, pp. 29-30. 15.Reserve Bank of New Zealand, semi-yearly Statement on Monetary Policy, November 1997, pp. 2-13. 16 A New Revolution by Peter Smith As distributed in NZBUSINESS, August 1998, PP

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay Free Essays

string(137) This hebdomad we had a gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the dread of subjects and their cardinal expressions for hunt. The consideration study is a signifier of thought, how to break down dependent on perception and feeling. As a chief conscience investigate to accept about falling flat and qualities. In this examination, it is have to focus on conveying achievements, cut heading, run bearing, danger course, investigation, self intention and heading ( self judgment, self rating, self response, and vanity ) , work goals, crew effectivity and undertaking arranging. We will compose a custom article test on Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The main points of this investigation are expected to talk and focus on following segment: Long lasting larning after this postulation class understanding Experience and Importance of gathering work and relationship with crew individuals Significance to keep up everyday dairy for long count endeavors, for example, thesiss, inquire about work examines or any long capable endeavors. Thought is a progression of measure to see down for future notice and help Significance of examination and research we accomplished for our venture preparing of running endeavor Nature of business related to point Guide and gathering individuals proposal and prompts so note down in examination dairy Fundamentally agonizing perception is a technique to break down him/her conscience inside and significantly and occurring out the issue of nervousness, settle somewhere around the experience which makes the hugeness of self image. What's more, gains from a similar reiteration experience and transformed him/her inner self effectively by the outcome of encounters. Reflection design is the signifier of self image awareness and inner self appraisal and depicts the outcome and consequences of individual ‘s activities. Recognition of Experiences ( Weekly Detailed Dairy ) Week Date Action 01 14 - 06-2010 First hebdomad, we went to the presentation meeting of AMP Module given by Vincent Ong, and larn how to create an examination and how to follow the organization and so on from steady mentor. After that Academic Liaison Librarian has give the detailed data about way to set the referencing in our examination and module enchiridion of AMP was given to us all. Following twenty-four hours movement was about the written falsification and turnitinUK. JBK clarified us sing rethinking and normal for turnitinUK. They other than helped us in chase of related articles from computerized library. First clasp, I have discovered that how to set cardinal words in progress chase and get the journals and articles called reasonable research to singularity and back up our work. Loot clarified us about the examination study and how it is applicable with our investigation and what makes a decent consideration study and what ought to be the development of study. After that we have gathered enchiridion of AMP subject. During this hebdomad we have shaped a gathering of 10 individuals as we as a whole previously cooperated so we knew one another. One thing in support of us that working with known gathering individuals will chop down clasp brought to get down acting and trepidation of each casing of work. Get bringing down of this hebdomad we as a whole felt energized and hopeful. As we got data about work we turned out to be all the more perceiving, confused and uncertain and our subject other than made us extremely uncertain and biting the dust. Be that as it may, after two yearss encephalon sloping with bunch individuals and expand treatment with mentor consoled us, and gave us explanation and indicated right way. When all is said in done we discovered that wide extent of assets and journals are accessible in our library ; it was examined that without the mentor insight might be we would be on the inaccurate way. We other than comprehend the significance of refering to. Step by step instructions to investigating the stuff from various scholars and significance of sharing considerations each piece great as we comprehend the significance of auxiliary research. Found out about the significance of the clasp course in embraced and legitimate referencing ; might be some activity will be experienced during the endeavor like in close to home arranging and in pull offing a gathering. Learning arrangement in this hebdomad would resemble how to happen pertinent data all the more strongly and educated the interest to keep records about everyday exercises of progression. 02 21-06-2010 . This hebdomad, I have perused the enchiridions and all stuff given by mentor. Two articles in enchiridion are extremely much accommodating for understanding the subject. Today we start our endeavor ; we did research and discovered 5-6 articles about imprint advertise decision and contrast somewhere in the range of B2B and B2C designs. Going up against much difficulty in inquire about the applicable subject in light of the fact that our subject is a lot of elusive and perplexing. Following two twenty-four hours battling and with various cardinal words as recommended by mentor, we came at one purpose of start. Need to comprehend the blend Main Report like how to pull grounds and assess and present our ain thoughts in Report. It was prompted that the main examination ought to be union rather than enlightening. A bunch of hurdlings came while looking for the subjects. To twenty-four hours I got some utile articles and subsequent to perusing got some utile purposes of my requests. This hebdomad we had a gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the fear of subjects and their cardinal word usages for chase. 03 28-06-2010 This hebdomad, encountering a lot of difficulty while perusing, reevaluating and looking at the articles of various essayists and various sides sing my subject and cardinal words. Before begin forming the writing reappraisal, I should require to comprehend and break down the Harvard System for appropriate referencing. So Google it and occur and comprehend the numerous methods of seting refering to for article, journals and books, for example, articles with losing day of the month, losing essayist ‘s name, with mutiple or two author ‘s work and so forth. Today, I began my work on proposition and I made a booklet of my all downloaded article and took the print and read two of them so do the combine point from them I have been begun my work from writing reappraisal which is the central natural structure of the investigation where we needs to set our capacity to deliver a nature of work at that place. I had composed my blend point from two articles. This hebdomad we had a second gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the fear of subjects and bit a few contemplations each piece great as looked through article with one another other than our endeavor executive direct us some utile subject identified with solicit foring stamp from innovative arrangements. I have chosen to part my work section shrewd as guided us by our AMP workforce Coordinator. So we come the point that work ought to be start from writing reappraisal region. 04 05-07-2010 Today I got my outcome ; I had passed my in all resources. Thankss to Almighty GOD. Today I other than audit the one more article which is introduced in a worldwide gathering sing issues identified with ICT looking by SMEs organizations. So separate some main point from this article and note down. In our gathering we examined about the distinction between E-business and E-initiate, it found about an intricate perusing that e-start is connected to the B2B and e-business is connected with B2C. Besides from surveies one thing come out that is advanced related stocks and computerized disconnected product. Our endeavor crew pioneer clarified and unmistakably separated that carefully related product for example bundle applications, roaming telephones, computerized cameras were increasingly appropriate for online business, and all the more simple sold over the internet not at all like carefully irrelevant stocks like furniture where buyers must want inspect truly before a buy is made. We other than talked about and concentrated further on the cardinal issues and thought sing the stamp greeting for site advancement arrangement. 05 12-07-2010 In writing reappraisal, looking at of all examination laborers and essayists work applicable to subject is extremely much hard and diverse nature of work for me. It is seen that all exploration laborer focusing the comparable issue that affecting the activity while organization is making a trip to B2C showcase and proposes a similar interest and cardinal thought. As I am holding the primary involvement with this level of writing reappraisal and work yet it is greatly intrigued and knowing endeavor for me. It is extremely simple to go amiss from the first subject during the writing rethinking technique. Had a feeling that amusement from my unique subject in this part of work. May God help me to make this in great and most ideal ways identified with request subject interest. 06 19-07-2010 This hebdomad I was non ready to chip away at my investigation because of my some close to home fight and some family unit issues so I was out of station. 07 26-07-2010 This hebdomad, I began to comprehend and change a few articles and paperss on offering. As I have to comprehend that how to request the stamp for innovative and bundle arrangements. Issues come up while forming on approach foring stamps for mechanical arrangement. Since greeting of stamps for capable and non capable arrangement are a lot of befuddling and related work. In any case, feel comparable intriguing as I am holding the new expertness and expertness in this new nation of offering. I do n’t hold any understanding of perusing such kind of paperss. As I was stuck on the proportion of ask foring stamp so today I talked with the crew head of our gathering so she help me out in dread of this particular point that what are the cardinal interest for ask foring the stamps as I was accepting on the organization like that sing offering yet she illuminated my issue and sent a few articles for writing reappraisal identified with this. She is extremely much helping individual and decent woman and she ought to be a decent crew lead

4 of the Best Free Holiday Short Stories Online About Seasons Drama

4 of the Best Free Holiday Short Stories Online About Seasons Drama How did we ever function without the ubiquitous iPhone (or Android)? For bibliophiles everywhere, one of the the primary satisfactions with these devices is the ability to click on short stories. I most often do this new fiction search on my app for The New Yorker  while waiting for the bus. While waiting for a very late bus to arrive last week,  I received an early holiday gift when I discovered a few online short stories that spoke directly to me: these December days are potentially deadly. These four stories about the holiday experience do not drip of massive manufactured sentimentality that defines this time of year. Rather, these stories introduce us to characters who, despite their best efforts to prevent a holiday upset, the upset comes anyway. North Of by Marie-Helene Bertino Let’s start with Thanksgiving. The Marie Bertino short story published in 2012 on the literary website Electric Literature. North Of is written for anyone who has ever wondered why they bother to make the trip home for Thanksgiving. North Of  encapsulates every emotional disconnect possible associated with the November maelstrom known as Thanksgiving. There is the mother, who is flustered and tries and tries to have just one happy meal together, just one happy Thanksgiving for her two children is all that she wants. But her two adult children never go along with her plan. They have their own sibling rivalry issues that they have agreed will never be resolvedâ€"especially this year when the sister arrives with her special Thanksgiving visitor. The daughter returns home with Bob Dylan (yes, that Bob Dylan) who is self-absorbed and uninterested. The daughter thought her Thanksgiving visitor would impress her estranged brother, who really isnt impressed. He revels in his unsuccessful lifeâ€"no job, no girlfriend, no prospectsâ€"yet still remains the extraordinary and gifted son whom everyone needs to navigate around lest he become explosive. The daughterâ€"also the narratorâ€"experiences being the family member who has left home and who became successful in the entertainment business, yet each time she returns home, her success is never recognized. It happens again this time, even with Bob Dylan as her Thanksgiving visitor. There is a quiet humor in North Of  and any reader who leaves the house  before Thanksgiving dinner has concluded will recognize themselves. I have been vaulted from the Thanksgiving table. Whats more American than that? How many people have left their steam filled homes to drive around and think about old things? I pass car after car. There is subtle humor amidst the chaosâ€"especially when Bob Dylan gets mistaken for Vincent Price at the local grocery storeâ€"but the reader is left with the certainty that next years Thanksgiving for this family will not be much better. Un Poquito De Tu Amor by Sandra Cisneros How do we approach the holidays after the death of a loved one? Sandra Cisneros wrote about the passing of her father in a 1998 essay, Un Poquito De Tu Amor. Cisneross beautiful essay is lyrical: The descriptions of the foods that dominated the Cisneros family Christmas feast, taken from the Polish, Spanish, Jamaican and Latinx cultures of Chicago has the reader begging to be invited to her next Christmas party. History is present at our table. The doomed Emperor Maximilanos French bread as well as the Aztec corn tamales of the Americas, our Andalusian recipe for codfish, our moves in and out of neighborhoods where we were the brown corridor between Chicago communities at war with one another. Cisneross essay is a powerful questioning of the American affluent classes; usually the response is to turn our heads not to disrupt our easy feelings. Cisneros repeatedly asks herself  the same question: how do we enjoy ourselves amid such tremendous want and suffering every minute of every day of our lives. I thought of my father especially this holiday season. The day before Christmas, 1997, forty-five unarmed Mayas were slain while they prayed in a chapel in Acteal, Chiapasâ€"twenty-one of them women, fourteen children…I know the deaths in Chiapas are linked to me here in the United States. I know the massacre is connected to removing native people from their land, because although the people are poor the land is very rich and the government knows this. Cisneros did provide one clue on how to best to answer these questions of political oppression: she told a story. One of the best stories that conveys the enormity of goodwill and the elusive Christmas spirit. Year’s End by Jhumpa Lahiri I suppose there never is a good time to introduce ones new wife to their adult son. Christmas is probably the worst time; for Kaushik, a senior at Swarthmore College whose recently deceased mother is never far from his mind, the reality of his fathers much younger wife and her two young daughters leaves him increasingly cold. His fathers remarriage leaves Kaushik even further isolated from his father than before. Kaushik is not angry at his father, just slightly surprised at his fathers move towards willingness to move on with life as Kaushik still grieves the loss of his mother. In the house where Kaushik and his father and mother shared many Christmases, Kaushik remains isolatedâ€"frozen and cold as the Massachusetts weather at Christmas. He realized when he first entered his home that every photo, everything that spoke of his mothers presence in the house was removed. It was an affront to his mothers memory, his mothers intelligence and taste and her beingâ€"and it was orchestrated by his father for his new wife. Jhumpa Lahiri writes of this nearly impossible situationâ€"fraught with tension and bound to explode with some family upsetâ€"with an understated power and beauty. When the explosion does come, Kaushik realizes whatever trust he earned during his short visit with his new stepsisters is gone.  Two small children will forever view this Christmas with Kaushik as one of their very worst. Seasonal Work by Laura Lippman Laura Lippman, author of 20 detective novels, wrote a holiday short story for the literary online journal The Rumpus that left me stunned. Seasonal Work is narrated by a wiser-than-her-years teenager. Somehow, she is still not sure how or why, she finds herself at the mercy of her grifter stepfather. Her had married and then gave birth to three young children, her step-siblings, before she died. The grifter stepfather takes charge after the mother dies with an elaborate con job that happens every Christmas. The makeshift family moves to a new nondescript Texas town, the grifter stashes the children and their teenage half sister into a nondescript motel, then puts the plan into action. The grifters plan usually involves a con job regarding stolen Christmas toys. The grifter/father will appear on local TV, crying in misery that his motherless children will not have toys for Christmas. The public response, guided by the goodness of the Christmas spirit, always  provides as they are gifted with toys and cash. One year a social worker gets involved and thats when the grifter/father becomes slightly unglued. I highly recommend these holiday short stories. The good news: there are many, many unconventional holiday stories to enlighten and entertain. And the other good news: the holidays come just once a year. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

4 of the Best Free Holiday Short Stories Online About Seasons Drama

4 of the Best Free Holiday Short Stories Online About Seasons Drama How did we ever function without the ubiquitous iPhone (or Android)? For bibliophiles everywhere, one of the the primary satisfactions with these devices is the ability to click on short stories. I most often do this new fiction search on my app for The New Yorker  while waiting for the bus. While waiting for a very late bus to arrive last week,  I received an early holiday gift when I discovered a few online short stories that spoke directly to me: these December days are potentially deadly. These four stories about the holiday experience do not drip of massive manufactured sentimentality that defines this time of year. Rather, these stories introduce us to characters who, despite their best efforts to prevent a holiday upset, the upset comes anyway. North Of by Marie-Helene Bertino Let’s start with Thanksgiving. The Marie Bertino short story published in 2012 on the literary website Electric Literature. North Of is written for anyone who has ever wondered why they bother to make the trip home for Thanksgiving. North Of  encapsulates every emotional disconnect possible associated with the November maelstrom known as Thanksgiving. There is the mother, who is flustered and tries and tries to have just one happy meal together, just one happy Thanksgiving for her two children is all that she wants. But her two adult children never go along with her plan. They have their own sibling rivalry issues that they have agreed will never be resolvedâ€"especially this year when the sister arrives with her special Thanksgiving visitor. The daughter returns home with Bob Dylan (yes, that Bob Dylan) who is self-absorbed and uninterested. The daughter thought her Thanksgiving visitor would impress her estranged brother, who really isnt impressed. He revels in his unsuccessful lifeâ€"no job, no girlfriend, no prospectsâ€"yet still remains the extraordinary and gifted son whom everyone needs to navigate around lest he become explosive. The daughterâ€"also the narratorâ€"experiences being the family member who has left home and who became successful in the entertainment business, yet each time she returns home, her success is never recognized. It happens again this time, even with Bob Dylan as her Thanksgiving visitor. There is a quiet humor in North Of  and any reader who leaves the house  before Thanksgiving dinner has concluded will recognize themselves. I have been vaulted from the Thanksgiving table. Whats more American than that? How many people have left their steam filled homes to drive around and think about old things? I pass car after car. There is subtle humor amidst the chaosâ€"especially when Bob Dylan gets mistaken for Vincent Price at the local grocery storeâ€"but the reader is left with the certainty that next years Thanksgiving for this family will not be much better. Un Poquito De Tu Amor by Sandra Cisneros How do we approach the holidays after the death of a loved one? Sandra Cisneros wrote about the passing of her father in a 1998 essay, Un Poquito De Tu Amor. Cisneross beautiful essay is lyrical: The descriptions of the foods that dominated the Cisneros family Christmas feast, taken from the Polish, Spanish, Jamaican and Latinx cultures of Chicago has the reader begging to be invited to her next Christmas party. History is present at our table. The doomed Emperor Maximilanos French bread as well as the Aztec corn tamales of the Americas, our Andalusian recipe for codfish, our moves in and out of neighborhoods where we were the brown corridor between Chicago communities at war with one another. Cisneross essay is a powerful questioning of the American affluent classes; usually the response is to turn our heads not to disrupt our easy feelings. Cisneros repeatedly asks herself  the same question: how do we enjoy ourselves amid such tremendous want and suffering every minute of every day of our lives. I thought of my father especially this holiday season. The day before Christmas, 1997, forty-five unarmed Mayas were slain while they prayed in a chapel in Acteal, Chiapasâ€"twenty-one of them women, fourteen children…I know the deaths in Chiapas are linked to me here in the United States. I know the massacre is connected to removing native people from their land, because although the people are poor the land is very rich and the government knows this. Cisneros did provide one clue on how to best to answer these questions of political oppression: she told a story. One of the best stories that conveys the enormity of goodwill and the elusive Christmas spirit. Year’s End by Jhumpa Lahiri I suppose there never is a good time to introduce ones new wife to their adult son. Christmas is probably the worst time; for Kaushik, a senior at Swarthmore College whose recently deceased mother is never far from his mind, the reality of his fathers much younger wife and her two young daughters leaves him increasingly cold. His fathers remarriage leaves Kaushik even further isolated from his father than before. Kaushik is not angry at his father, just slightly surprised at his fathers move towards willingness to move on with life as Kaushik still grieves the loss of his mother. In the house where Kaushik and his father and mother shared many Christmases, Kaushik remains isolatedâ€"frozen and cold as the Massachusetts weather at Christmas. He realized when he first entered his home that every photo, everything that spoke of his mothers presence in the house was removed. It was an affront to his mothers memory, his mothers intelligence and taste and her beingâ€"and it was orchestrated by his father for his new wife. Jhumpa Lahiri writes of this nearly impossible situationâ€"fraught with tension and bound to explode with some family upsetâ€"with an understated power and beauty. When the explosion does come, Kaushik realizes whatever trust he earned during his short visit with his new stepsisters is gone.  Two small children will forever view this Christmas with Kaushik as one of their very worst. Seasonal Work by Laura Lippman Laura Lippman, author of 20 detective novels, wrote a holiday short story for the literary online journal The Rumpus that left me stunned. Seasonal Work is narrated by a wiser-than-her-years teenager. Somehow, she is still not sure how or why, she finds herself at the mercy of her grifter stepfather. Her had married and then gave birth to three young children, her step-siblings, before she died. The grifter stepfather takes charge after the mother dies with an elaborate con job that happens every Christmas. The makeshift family moves to a new nondescript Texas town, the grifter stashes the children and their teenage half sister into a nondescript motel, then puts the plan into action. The grifters plan usually involves a con job regarding stolen Christmas toys. The grifter/father will appear on local TV, crying in misery that his motherless children will not have toys for Christmas. The public response, guided by the goodness of the Christmas spirit, always  provides as they are gifted with toys and cash. One year a social worker gets involved and thats when the grifter/father becomes slightly unglued. I highly recommend these holiday short stories. The good news: there are many, many unconventional holiday stories to enlighten and entertain. And the other good news: the holidays come just once a year. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Stanford University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Stanford University, a private research institution, is one of the most selective universities in the nation with an acceptance rate of 4.4%. Founded by Jane and Leland Stanford in 1885, Stanford University is located between San Francisco and San Jose in the Silicon Valley area of California. With over 7,000 undergraduates and nearly 9,500 graduate students, Stanford has a diverse and bustling campus. For its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, Stanford was awarded a chapter of  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Phi Beta Kappa, and its strength in research has earned it membership in the  Association of American Universities. Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the Stanford admissions statistics you should know. Why Stanford University Location: Stanford, CaliforniaCampus Features: Stanfords 8,180-acre campus is home to nearly 700 buildings, many built in the universitys striking Romanesque Revival architectural style. 93% of students live on campus.Student/Faculty Ratio: 5:1Athletics: The Stanford Cardinal compete in the NCAA Division I Pacific 12 Conference.Highlights: Stanford ranks as one of the top universities in the U.S.; its selectivity rivals Harvard. The university has strengths from the arts and humanities to engineering, and its $26 billion endowment gives it ample resources for financial aid. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Stanford had an acceptance rate of 4.4%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 4 students were admitted, making Stanfords admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 47,451 Percent Admitted 4.4% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 82% SAT Scores and Requirements Stanford requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 69% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75 Percentile ERW 700 770 Math 720 800 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Stanfords admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Stanford scored between 700 and 770, while 25% scored below 700 and 25% scored above 770. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 720 and 800, while 25% scored below 720 and 25% scored a perfect 800. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1570 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Stanford. Requirements Stanford does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Stanford participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. At Stanford, SAT Subject tests are optional; applicants may submit scores if they believe they will add to their application. ACT Scores and Requirements Stanford requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 55% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (2017-18) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 34 36 Math 30 35 Composite 32 35 This admissions data tells us that most of Stanfords admitted students fall within the top 3% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Stanford received a composite ACT score of between 32 and 35, while 25% scored above 35 and 25% scored below 32. Requirements Stanford does not require the ACT writing section.  Unlike many universities, Stanford superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, Stanford Universitys incoming freshman class had an average high school GPA of 3.95. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Stanford have primarily A grades Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Stanford University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex.   The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Stanford University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Stanford University has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Stanford has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside Stanfords average range. In the graph above, you can see that the blue and green dots representing accepted students are concentrated in the upper right corner. Most students who get accepted to Stanford have A averages, SAT scores (ERWM) above 1200, and ACT composite scores above 25 (more common are SAT scores over 1400 and ACT scores over 30). It is important to note many students with 4.0 GPAs and extremely high standardized test scores are rejected by Stanford. For this reason, a highly selective school like Stanford should be considered a reach school even if your grades and test scores are on target for admission.   All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Stanford University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

How Macbeths Character Changes throughout the Play

How Macbeths Character Changes throughout the Play In this essay I would be looking at Macbeth’s character on how he changes throughout the play and to base this evidence on weather he was a tyrant or a tragic hero. The play focuses on the changing character of Macbeth and his increasing greed for power. Many factors contribute to the changes to Macbeth throughout the play which cause the character to deteriorate from a man with nobility and good intentions to one who is ruled by ambition and greed. The play begins with the scene of three witches who prophesise that three events will occur to Macbeth. The Elizabethans believed strongly in supernatural, and associated the devil and†¦show more content†¦Macbeth thinks twice, and agrees to kill the king. L Macbeth: â€Å"What cannot you and I perform upon Th’ unguarded Duncan? What not put upon? His spongy officers, who shall bear the guilt Of our great quell† Basically the impression we get of Macbeth is that he is easily persuaded, changes his mind too quickly, and we get a negative impression of him. Macbeth after he has murdered Duncan ==================================== As soon as Macbeth is alone he imagines he sees daggers before him. In other words he is hallucinating Macbeth: â€Å"In this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.† After Macbeth has killed Duncan he also kills the guards to get out of trouble, but Macbeth says his love for Duncan drove to kill them. Macbeth: â€Å"who can be wise, amazed and temperate And furious, loyal and neutral, In a moment? No man. The expeditions of my violent love Hear lay Duncan, his silver skin Laced with his golden blood† In this quotation it is showing Macbeth is a liar and more of a tyrant, so the is going to despise him more for lying. Shakespeare is also trying to sow us tat Duncan is still respected (His silver skin laced with his golden blood) so the audience will feel more hatred for Macbeth because after he has killed Duncan,Show MoreRelatedSymbolism Of Blood In Macbeth766 Words   |  4 Pageswork, Macbeth portrays its plot perfectly: Macbeth’s bloody rise to power and his tragic downfall. Throughout the play, the symbolism of blood advances this plot. We are introduced to Macbeth as a brave soldier without flaw, but he soon becomes consumed with achieving his â€Å"fated† future. From the moment Macbeth murdered Duncan, the symbolism of blood represents throughout the play his conscience, his dynamic character change, and his and Lady Macbeth’s guilt. Both before and after murdering DuncanRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pageshis ultimate downfall. Macbeth starts out as an honorable warrior but changes when his ambition becomes uncontrollable. As he becomes increasingly paranoid, Macbeth uses violent means to eliminate threats to his Scottish throne. As the play progresses, blood continuously plays a part in the events as the murders become more frequent. William Shakespeare, the author of Macbeth, uses blood imagery to develop Macbeth’s character, create a foil in between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and to symbolize honorRead MoreThe Downfall of Macbeths Character in William Shakespeares Play714 Words   |  3 PagesThe Downfall of Macbeths Character in William Shakespeares Play At the start of Macbeth Macbeth is described with words such as noble, worthy and brave this shows him in a positive way. However at the end of the play he is described with words such as Hell-hound, coward and bloodier villain which shows him to be a completly different person.He is now shown in a negative light. 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Citation and Plagiarism - 1836 Words

Plagiarism in an academic field is very unethical. There is no difference between stealing academic work that is not one’s own and going into a store to steal merchandise. The consequences for both offences are often harsh and life altering. One can lose credibility, lose a hard-earned reputation, be charged criminally, kicked out of school or be financially ruined by any judicial proceedings against them. The cost of saving a few hours of academic study is not worth it in the big picture of life of any student. Plagiarism is also a major problem for academic facilities as well. The schools could lose there accreditation if it was discovered the work of their students was not original but merely recycled work of other students or†¦show more content†¦Otherwise, you will be hiding someone’s ideas and suggesting it were yours (Fastfacts: Plagiarism and Academic Integrity, 2005, p.4). It is important to identify the difference between the information and idea from the source and your own. According to the â€Å"When to Document† paragraph 2, Avoiding Plagiarism (2006), common knowledge information does not require documentation. It defines common knowledge as â€Å"widely known information about current events, famous people, geographical facts, or familiar history† (When to Document, paragraph 2, Avoiding Plagiarism, 2006). Common knowledge may vary from person to person. It is a common knowledge to you but may not be for me. Generally, knowledge that could be found in a general reference book is common knowledge. With a lot of information in mind, some students start writing the paper with their own words and may not be aware that they have already implied someone’s information or ideas in their writing. As per Fastfacts: Plagiarism and Academic Integrity, 2005, p.10, golden rules of avoiding plagiarism, re-phrasing the information or ideas into your own words does not eliminate the need of citation. You must give credit in a citation reference page to the source of information even though you phrased them in your words. According to the articles â€Å"Seven Rules†, paragraph 2, Avoiding PlagiarismShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism and Citation Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism: Writing can be a difficult task for some people. For those people, before they start writing, the first thing they do is probably idea gathering, maybe looking for relate article on newspaper or magazine, look up some definition in the dictionary, check the World Wide Web, or even take a trip to the library. Often, they found what they are looking for, and before they know it, they start copying it, maybe a couple of word, few sentence, other people ¡Ã‚ ¦s idea, or they even copy theRead MoreEssay On Plagiarism1381 Words   |  6 Pagesyour eighth grade lesson on plagiarism and now you have no idea what it is or anything about it. 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A student may plagiarize doing something as extreme as purchasing a paper, hiring someone to write a paper or turning in a paper freely provided by a friend. Many students unknowingly commit Plagiarism by failing to properly cite their sources crediting the authors. Still others cite, but plagiarize by copying much too much and writing far, far too little of their own synthesizedRead MoreCOLL100 QUIZ 21491 Words   |  6 Pagesin either the reference or citation.   B.omit the date in the citation but use the acronym n.d. (no date) in the reference page.   C.use the acronym n.d. (no date) in both the citation and reference.   D.bold the source. Question 3 of 20 0.5/ 0.5 Points Read this section of text from the APUS   Plagiarism Policy (2014,  http://www.apus.edu/student-handbook/academic-dishonesty/index.htm) :    The most frequently observed form of academic dishonesty is plagiarism. 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Journal Sustainable Development Of Energy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Sustainable Development Of Energy? Answer: Introducation The aim of the current assignment is to evaluate the nature of the property investment made by the client. This investment is about the ownership of offices located in the business district of the large provincial city in the United Kingdom. Current property is fully under the control of an insurance company in the form of corporate offices. The total area of the property comprises of 4500M2. Property is on lease basis for a total period of 10 years along with some conditions such as full repairing and insuring terms as any damage to the property will bear by the lessee who taken the property on lease. Rent of the property is exclusively1125000 without the inclusion of business rates. Current business rates payable amounts to700,000 per annum. Market rent of this property is higher than the actual rate payable by a lessee is1485000 per annum which is360000 higher than the actual rent payable by a lessee to the owner. accounting to the commercial property survey, it has observed that yield generated from this property would get an increase to 5.1 in the future will increase the quality and demand of this property. The minimum target rate of return for the whole region in which the property is located will achieve 6% that grabs the attention of all the investment bankers who intends to invest in a successful project. In the past two years, the rate of market rental growth was 1% which remains the same in the future. Market Valuation Every investment seekers pay more attention to the valuation of the market before entering in the segment to invest their precious stuff at risk. Knowledge about various approaches for valuing commercial property available on rent is called as an investment property (Limaei, Safari and Merceh, 2017). The aim of every investment is to earn money in return as every individual wants to double their investment by trusting right people. Generating information regarding the nature of all the investments is essential to get the desired return over the property in a given span of time (Agnihotri and Bhattacharya, 2017). The property market is a fully uncertain area where the price of the property is changing in few seconds due to the increase in the market competition. The aim of a person in valuing the investment property is to know about all the risks incurred in the future investment along with additional or uncertain costs to be borne by the investor. Financial advisors or investment bankers provide legal, financial and economic suggestion to an investor to invest their money in right products (Mervelskemper and Streit, 2017). Return on every property depends on the growth of the product with the passage of time. Time value of money concept is used to know about the future by applying present resources available to an individual. According to this concept, the initial investment is multiplied by the discounting rate to know about the present value of the investments in the future. Term and reversion Rent passing- 1125000 YP 7years@3%- 33.95 Term value= Rent passing*Years purchase =1125000*33.95 =38193750 Reversion Market Rent-1485000 YP Perpetuity@3%- 33.33 PV 7 years @3%- 0.81 Reversion value= Market Rent*YP Perp*PV = 38193750 Valuation- 38193750+ 40090990.5 = 78284740.5 Market Value = 78284740.5/6.0 = 13047456 It is one of the methods of valuing the investment property by knowing about the risks and returns associated with the same. The focus of the investors is more on knowing all the risks related with the property in the form of additional costs, uncertain loss, changes in the tax system, property taxes, increasing the cost of living (Jefferies, 2017). All these factors will affect the return generated on the investment. This method considers various capitalization rates to the cash flow incomes of both the current as well as future income. The term refers to the present income and reversion denotes the future income arises from the proceeds of the current investment after a specific period of time (Term and reversion and hardcore method, 2018). An investor is more curious in knowing about the reversion rather than paying attention to their current income. Every individual is worried about their future as they want to secure their future by restoring more wealth to live a good life with their loved ones. Income arises from the rent of the property counts in the periodic steps by using term rate (Henneberry ed., 2017). Term income is at par or lower risk income as current income can increase or decrease according to the will of an individual but at the same time, reversion income is not- controllable. To control that income, an individual tries to minimise all the risks in the form of obstacles comes in the path of an individual. Reversion income is prone to severe risks which may increase or decrease the returns on the investment over a certain time period as it is fluctuating in nature. Layer/hardcore Value of core Rent passing-1125000 YP in perpetuity @3%-33.33 Value of core= Rent Passing* YP = 1125000*33.33 = 37496250 Value of top slice Market Rent- 1485000 YP in Perpetuity @3%- 33.33 PV 7@ 3%- 0.81 Value of top slice- 1485000*33.33*0.81 = 40090990.5 = 77587240.5 =77587240.5*5.1%= 3956949.26 = 77587240.5-3956949.26 = 73630291.24 Another method valuing the investment in property is a hardcore method which is also known as layering method which segregates rental income of the property in different layers (Baum, Mackmin and Nunnington, 2017). This method helps in prioritizing the income according to the risks incurred in the property in various categories (Li and Trutnevyte, 2017). The lowest risk in the rental income is categorized as core income which boosts the investment portfolio of an investor with a stable return over all the years. Returns related to the future uplifts will value at the same rate for all the years an investment held with the owner. Investment Appraisal Investment appraisal, as well as economic appraisal techniques, plays an integral role in grabbing the attention of the majority of investors towards various investment products. Investment Company uses investment appraisal techniques such as net present value method, payback period, the average rate of return and internal rate of return to determine the future value of the investments of all the investors (Dragan, Rosi and AvÃ… ¾ner, 2017). NPV determines the profitability generated from all the investments invested over a certain period of time using the time value of money. In this approach, cash flow arises from the investment in different years of the project will multiply with the discounting rate to ascertain the present value of the investments (Gajek and Kuci?ski, 2017). This present value is comparing with the initial investments to know thefavourableor negative results. The generated results will help an individual in advance before taking investment. Payback period is that technique in which greater emphasizes lies on the time duration of the project as this shows the effectiveness of the project by generating returns in the lesser period. An individual can select the best suitable project that generates higher return lesser time period to save their time to invest in more suitable tasks (Novak Pintari? and Kravanja, 2017). An internal rate of return concept is similar to the break-even concept in which an individual will earn higher at a specific rate of return to equalize the initial investment with the generated returns from the projects. Estimate the investment value of the property using discounted cash flow method Rent Passing- 1125000 YP 7 years @3%- 33.95 Market rent- 1485000 YP Perpetuity@3%- 33.33 PV 5 years @3%- 0.9151 = 1125000*33.95 = 37496250 = 1485000*33.33*0.9151 = 45292920.25 = 40090990.5 Market Value= 82789170.25 Investment value is determined by the above task using explicit growth discounting cash flow approach. Rent passing that is the current payable by a lessee to the owner of the property is used as an input along with the market rent. These two elements are multiplied two years purchase of 5 years of the total lease of the property at 3% yielding rate (Barton, 2017). Years to purchase in perpetuity are also used to determine the market value of the freehold investment property. Advantage f the freehold property is that the owner of the property has the advantage to get back its property which is given on a lease to the third party on a given rent for a specific period of time. In this approach, cash flow is multiplied by the discounting rate to ascertain the future returns generated on the total investment applied by an investor for a specific period of time (Herrendorf, Rogerson and Valentinyi, 2017). Net present value method is one of the techniques of discounted cash flow method which utilizes the time value of money concept. It is the proactive approach in which future actions can control by an individual by observing all the actions in advance in the present. Decision-making power and psychology ability of a person gets increases by using this particular approach in choosing highly earning project in the future which helps in compensating all kinds of costs incurred in the particular project. A motive of investors is to apply for their precious money in the valid and reliable project which has the higher return on investment percentage as compared to their competitors (Return on equity, 2018). Calculate NPV and IRR for the investment and also calculate Expected net of tax and gross of tax returns on equity Calculation of Initial Investment Particulars Term and reversion method Layer/hardcore method Market Value 13,047,456.00 73,630,291.24 Increase @10% 1,304,745.60 7,363,029.12 Initial Investment 14,352,201.60 80,993,320.36 Year Cash flow PV@3% Present value 0 14,352,201.60 1 14,352,201.60 1 1125000 0.970873786 1092233.01 2 1125000 0.942595909 1060420.398 3 1125000 0.915141659 1029534.367 4 1125000 0.888487048 999547.9289 5 1125000 0.862608784 970434.8824 Total Present Value 5152170.586 NPV - 9,200,031.01 Year Cash flow PV@3% Present value 0 80,993,320.36 1 80,993,320.36 1 1125000 0.970873786 1092233.01 2 1125000 0.942595909 1060420.398 3 1125000 0.915141659 1029534.367 4 1125000 0.888487048 999547.9289 5 1125000 0.862608784 970434.8824 Total Present Value 5152170.586 NPV - 75,841,149.78 Year Cash flow 0 - 1,435,201.60 1 1125000 2 1125000 3 1125000 4 1125000 5 1125000 IRR 73% Year Cash flow 0 - 80,993,320.36 1 1125000 2 1125000 3 1125000 4 1125000 5 1125000 IRR #NUM! Expected net of tax and gross of tax return on equity Net of tax ROE Debt 0.028 0.65 0.0182 Equity 0.35 0.049 0.01715 Shareholder's equity 0.03535 Gross tax ROE Debt 0.04 0.65 0.026 Equity 0.35 0.07 0.0245 Shareholder's equity 0.0505 Risk analysis Risk plays an important in every business and especially in estimating the market value of all the investment properties held by an individual for a certain period of time (Brindley, ed., 2017). The aim of an investor is to identify all the risks incurred in a project by using appropriate risks analysis structure. Monte Carlo simulation technique helps in keeping track on the increase or decrease in the market return over a short span of time (Owen, Morrison, Hoffman, Yoder and DeAngelis, 2017). This approach helps in resolving the qualitative issues faced by an individual in boosting the market returns of all the investments by making significant changes in the investment portfolio (Chowdhury, Nandy and Tameru, 2017). It is a mathematical technique that targets all the weaker sections of the investment portfolio to consider all the positive or negative changes made in the investments made by an investor. In this technique, various alternatives generated for a single problem which allow a user to consider the alternatives according to their choice. Every choice generated through this technique is customized by identifying the requirements of an individual (Milton, Farrell, Birkett and Krewski, 2017). An expert will analyze the investment profile of a user in keeping track on all the favourable and non-favourable aspects related to the clients investment. The current problem faced by an individual is of negative net present value due to lower returns as compared to the total initial investment applied by the firm. This is one of the macroeconomic tools helps an individual in making their choice to select the suitable option. Reliability of the two investments is judged by an entity before investing a single penny in two of the investments. Monte Carlo simulation is one of the risk analysis tools which come in the form of probability distribution platform which shows the probability of both success and failure (Monte Carlo Simulation, 2017). An individual can get the idea of positive or negative aspects of a single element to take the best suitable decisions which differ from one situation to another. Recommendations It is recommended to the owner of the freehold office premise property to value their property using hardcore or layer method as the market value of the property is higher in this approach as compared to the term and reversion method. Market value in this approach is73630291.24 as under this method year to purchase is valued in perpetuity instead of using the same rate. This method determines the total market return by summing up the returns of the two layers such as core and top slice. Market value in term and reversion is lesser in relation to layer method as in the first method total return is divided by minimum target return in ascertaining the total market return. Three techniques of the investments such as NPV, IRR, and return on equity highlight the major issue in the selection of the investment projects. Net present value method shows the negative amount in both the projects which cant select by the investor as this will increase the burden of costs. IRR shows the positive inclination towards the first project as they generate 73% return as against the other project which is not defined. Net tax and gross tax return on equity are higher in gross tax with 5% and 4% in net tax show the burden of the tax imposed on an individual in reducing their investment return. References Agnihotri, A. and Bhattacharya, S., 2017. Corporate Name Change and the Marketing Valuation of Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Market.International Journal of the Economics of Business. 24(1). pp.73-90. Barton, D., 2017. Refocusing capitalism on the long term: ownership and trust across the investment value chain.Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 33(2). pp.188-200. Baum, A., Mackmin, D. and Nunnington, N., 2017.The income approach to property valuation. Routledge. Brindley, C. ed., 2017.Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Chowdhury, R., Nandy, S. and Tameru, B., 2017. Abstract A41: Development of a risk analysis model for triple-negative breast cancer stages and treatment of African American women. Dragan, D., Rosi, B. and AvÃ… ¾ner, T., 2017. Synergies between an Observed Port and a Logistic Company: Application of the Discounted CashFlow Model and the Monte Carlo Simulation.Logistics Sustainable Transport. 8(1). pp.1-18. Gajek, L. and Kuci?ski, ?., 2017. Complete discounted cash flow valuation.Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 73. pp.1-19. Henneberry, J. ed., 2017.Transience and Permanence in Urban Development. John Wiley Sons. Herrendorf, B., Rogerson, R. and Valentinyi, A., 2017. Structural Change in Investment and Consumption: A Unified Approach. Jefferies, R. L., 2017. History and development of real estate investment (income) valuation models. Li, F. G. and Trutnevyte, E., 2017. Investment appraisal of cost-optimal and near-optimal pathways for the UK electricity sector transition to 2050.Applied Energy. 189. pp.89-109. Limaei, S. M., Safari, G. and Merceh, G. M., 2017. Non-market valuation of forest park using travel cost method (case study: Saravan forest park, north of Iran).AUSTRIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE. 134(1). pp.53-74. Mervelskemper, L. and Streit, D., 2017. Enhancing Market Valuation of ESG Performance: Is Integrated Reporting Keeping its Promise?.Business Strategy and the Environment. 26(4). pp.536-549. Milton, B., Farrell, P.J., Birkett, N. and Krewski, D., 2017. Modeling U?Shaped Exposure?Response Relationships for Agents that Demonstrate Toxicity Due to Both Excess and Deficiency.Risk Analysis. 37(2). pp.265-279. Novak Pintari?, Z. and Kravanja, Z., 2017. The Importance of using Discounted Cash Flow Methodology in Techno-economic Analyses of Energy and Chemical Production Plants.Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 5(2). pp.163-176. Owen, L. A., Morrison, M. A., Hoffman, R. O., Yoder, B. A. and DeAngelis, M. M., 2017. Retinopathy of prematurity: A comprehensive risk analysis for prevention and prediction of disease.PloS one.12(2). p.e0171467. Term and reversion and healthcare method, 2018. Available through: https://www.proz.com/kudoz/english_to_arabic/finance_general/5916722-term_and_reversion_method_hardcore_method.html [Accessed on 16th January 2018]. Monte Carlo Simulation, 2017. Available through: https://www.palisade.com/risk/monte_carlo_simulation.asp [Accessed on 16th January 2018]. Return on equity, 2018. Available through: https://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/financial-statement-analysis/return-equity-roe-916 [Accessed on 16th January 2018].

Society And Schooling Essays - Abuse, Anti-social Behaviour

Society And Schooling Discrimination has many different meanings, but the most specific meaning is the exclusion from membership in any group. This results in unfair treatment or judgements. Any type of person can be discriminated against from women to minorities. Also, there are many different areas where one can run into discrimination such as public facilities or even just trying to get onto the bus. One of the first places that one learns about discrimination is in the school systems. Children do not usually know what discrimination is, and a lot of adults do not even realize that they are discriminating against others. I believe that discrimination is one of the major problems in the schools today, because no one realizes that it is a problem. Children in schools have their own clicks or groups that they like to be around. When a student is not involved with this group a lot of times they will be made fun of. Kids can be really harsh with one another, and they just continue to be rude and mean. A lot of kids get made fun of if they are not considered as "cool" as the other kids. There are so many different kinds of groups from the "preps", and "nerds", to the "jocks". Also, children can be made fun of for being overweight or just not pretty enough. Most of the time, students discriminate against other races or origins. They do this because the outside looks different, and most of the times they do not get to know the real person. Discrimination against different races has been a problem for a very long time. I think that since it has been a problem for such a long period of time that a lot of kids just learn to act that way. Handicapped are also discriminated a lot because they are different. These students can be physically, mentally, or just emotionally handicapped, but still students will not give them the time of day. The teachers themselves can also discriminate against their students with out even knowing it. Students are discriminated against for their gender or their grades. Teachers will put students in groups with the same types of people, so that the children who have difficulty learning do not have the opportunity. When I get my own classroom, I will try my hardest to not have discrimination in it. When I assign them group projects, I will pick their groups to give them the opportunity to get to know their fellow classmates. Also, I will make sure that there are no friends in the same group. The groups will remain the same for a couple of weeks, and then they will get new groups. Another option I would try is teaching them about the other nationalities, races, and religions. I would do this by devoting one day a week to the students to tell something about their origins, race, religion, etc.. Discrimination is a major problem in today's society, but we can do something about it by beginning in the schools. We need to educate these children about the different cultures in society so they will give people a chance.

John F Kennedy essays

John F Kennedy essays a) John F. Kennedy: raised in a wealthy and political family, whose mother was the daughter of the congressman and mayor, John F. Fitzgerald and gather was an ambassador to Great Britain from 1937-1940. Kennedy enrolled into the navy during WW2, won a seat in congress and won a Pulitzer Prize for Profiles in Courage. He suffered from back pain and Addisons disease, which had to be treated with cortisone everyday. He promises many citizens of the United States a leadership to get America moving again b) Flexible response: President Kennedy really wanted to set his mind and plans on changing the nations nuclear strategy. So. Kennedy didnt want to use the nuclear weapons for a minor problem between the Soviets, Kennedys consultants developed a policy called the flexible response. In the nations view this meant that the nations conventional forces had been mistreated during the building of the nuclear arms. This policy increased the defense spending and produced a branch called the Special Forces. Kennedy hoped to liver the risk of any nuclear war, which almost came close over the island of Cuba. c) Fidel Castro: a revolutionary leader in Cuba, which declares himself as a communist who greeted the Soviet Union with open arms. Castro wanted more power, which in 1956-1959, led to a guerrilla movement to trample down the dictator, Bastista. Many Americans portrayed Castro as a freedom fighter, but as the US and Cubas relationship became troubled. Castro took action by uprooting trade barriers against Cuban sugars. In which instantly, Castro relied on Soviets help for aid and political tyranny. d) Berlin Wall: Kennedys willpower and Americans advantage for nuclear striking power wanted to stop Khrushchev from closing down from the air and land between West Berlin and East Germany, On August 13, 1961, East Germans decided to build a concrete ...

Review McDonald's Organizational Chart Assignment

Review McDonald's Organizational Chart - Assignment Example In the case of McDonald’s organizational chart, the top management is headed by the chief executive officer called James A Skinner (Narapareddy, 2009). Just below the Chief executive there are vice presidents who are also the heads of the company’s different functional units. These functional units are managed from the head office and divided into smaller group managers in different markets where the company operates. These include group president – McDonalds Canada, president – MacDonald’s Asia/pacific, Middle East and Canada; Chief Operating officer – McDonald’s USA and the president of McDonald’s USA (Narapareddy, 2009). The group leaders in different markets are then divided into different divisions e.g. President – central division for McDonald’s USA, East Division for McDonald’s USA, West Division for McDonald’s USA etc. The company’s multidivisional structure therefore represents a geogr aphical structure with four important segments: McDonald’s – USA, McDonald’s – Europe, McDonald’s – Asia/pacific, Middle East and Africa; and McDonald’s – other countries and corporate (Narapareddy, 2009). This structure is a typical example of a multidivisional structure where divisions are managed geographically; each divisional manager managing a given geographical region. This is because theory suggests that multidivisional or divisional organizational chart marks off an organizational structure according to the demands of different markets, customers and products in their given business environment. In the case of McDonald’s organizational chart, the different divisions represent the demands of different geographical markets as illustrated in the organizational chart. McDonald’s organizational chart is a good chart representing a successful structure of the company. However, there are various improvements whi ch I could recommend for the organizational structure. First, I recommend that the divisions of the company should be based not only on the geographical markets but also the products of the company. For instance, the company may have food division, grocery division and beverages division. Another recommendation which I think can be more beneficial for the company is to increase the geographical divisions so as to reduce the burden of the divisional managers. For instance, McDonald’s Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa division may be divided into three divisions: McDonald’s Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa as different divisions not as a single division. The company should also divide McDonald’s Canada and Latin America division into three divisions namely Latin America Division, Canada Division and Mexico division. Europe’s division may also be divided into Eastern Europe and Western Europe divisions. Finally, a good recommendation for the companyâ €™s organizational structure is for the company to establish a central division which offers central services such as finance, CSR and other centrally managed services of the company. These central services are conducted with a direct link to the various divisions through an integrative, participative and proactive system which ensures that there is an effective information flow from the top management through different management levels to the various divisions of the company (Rollinson 2008). Despite the various aspects which require improvements, McDonald’

Environmental issues and management processes introduced to deal with Essay

Environmental issues and management processes introduced to deal with such issues - Essay Example One of the most recognised environmental effects brought about by the automotive industry is pollution. Basically, pollution can be said to occur when the introduction of chemicals, gases, fumes or even odor is released to the atmosphere (Tyler and Scott 2009). These causes harm and discomfort to both humans and other living things. It also causes damage to both natural and man-made environments. It is through activities brought about by an automotive industry that the issue of global warming comes in. Therefore, this paper is going to assess some of these issues. 1.2 Background of the Study The automotive industry has seen an outstanding change on its structure and management in the late 1990s. Lately, the new approaches have continued to weaken the customary structure of the industry (Law 1991). This includes ways in which the industry can be structured in order to be environmental friendly. Production process has been witnessed which encourages invention of electric vehicles which are friendlier to the environment (Law 1991). Globally, the automotive industry has witnessed a tremendous growth particularly in China (Law 1991). Nevertheless, the industry is faced by much challenges ranging from organization matter to its effects on the environment. In order to have a clear attention to detail of such issues, the present paper carried out investigate on currently literatures on automotive industry and its effects on the environment as discussed in chapter two. 1.3 Statement of the Problem In the last two decades, the automotive industry has been linked to unfavorable environmental harms. One of the key concerns involves globalization. Globalisation is referred as â€Å"the process through which regional economies and societies became integrated... From this research it is clear that the automotive industry has seen an outstanding change on its structure and management in the late 1990s. Lately, the new approaches have continued to weaken the customary structure of the industry. This includes ways in which the industry can be structured in order to be environmental friendly. Production process has been witnessed which encourages invention of electric vehicles which are friendlier to the environment. Globally, the automotive industry has witnessed a tremendous growth particularly in China. Nevertheless, the industry is faced by much challenges ranging from organization matter to its effects on the environment. In order to have a clear attention to detail of such issues, the present paper carried out investigate on currently literatures on automotive industry and its effects on the environment as discussed in chapter two. In the last two decades, the automotive industry has been linked to unfavorable environmental harms. One of t he key concerns involves globalization. Globalisation is referred as â€Å"the process through which regional economies and societies became integrated into a common network that has universal coverage†. Contemporary globalisation comprises incorporation of political thoughts through communication, transportation and trade. Thus the automotive industry plays a crucial role in this situation. In China, similar to other leading players in the automotive industries, globalisation has seen economic growth while the adverse environmental effects increase day by day.

A Look At Three Types Of Price Searchers Economics Essay

A Look At Three Types Of Price Searchers Economics Essay A monopoly is a firm producing a commodity for which there is no close substitute. There are usually some forms of barriers of entry. It is difficult to define a pure monopoly as close substitutes are difficult to define. For example, there are no close substitutes for cigarettes, but there are many substitutes for Marlboro. 1.1 Characteristics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Features (a) Only one seller. (b) Restricted entry by barriers. (c) Market information is not free and perfect. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Barriers to entry (a) Legal barriers create legal monopolies. (i) Public franchise: exclusive right to run a business, e.g. TVB. (ii) Government licence: exclusive right to entry into a business, e.g. taxi licence. (iii) Patent: exclusive right to use an invention, e.g. right to produce a drug. (b) Natural barriers create natural monopolies. (i) The average cost falls over a large volume of output before it rises. LRAC would be lower if an industry were under monopoly than if it was shared between two or more competitors. (ii) Control the supply of an essential raw material, e.g. most diamond mines in the world are controlled by De Beers Ltd. (iii) Economies of scale: The large fixed cost of production requires a large output to pull down the average cost, e.g. electricity generated by China Light Power Ltd. 1.2 Output And Price Decisions Definition A single-price monopoly is one that charges the same price for every unit of output it sells. The monopoly must decide how much to produce and what price to charge. It is a price-searcher. Definition A price searcher is a seller with sufficient market power to set its price by adjusting supply. Since there is only one firm in the industry, the demand curve of the firm is also the demand curve of the industry, and the seller faces a downward sloping demand curve. Table 1 illustrates the demand function of a petrol station. The marginal revenue is less than and falls faster than the price charged. The price is also equal to average revenue (AR). Table 1: Demand and marginal revenue Price (P, $/Litre) Quantity Demanded (Q) Total Revenue (TR = P x Q, $) Marginal Revenue (MR = ΆTR = ΆQ) ($/Extra Litre) 18 0 0 16 1 16 16 14 2 28 12 12 3 36 8 10 4 40 4 The monopoly maximises its profit by producing the level of output to MR = MC. Given the total cost as in Table 2, we can find that the best output level to maximise profit is at three litres, where both MC and MR are equal. The price charged is $12. Table 2: Demand and marginal cost Price (P, $/Litre) Quantity Demanded (Q) Total Revenue (TR=P x Q, $) Marginal revenue (MR = ΆTR / ΆQ, $/Extra Litre) Total Cost (TC, $) Marginal Cost ($/Extra Liter) 18 0 0 15 16 1 16 16 18 3 14 2 28 12 22 4 12 3 36 8 30 8 10 4 40 4 41 11 Graphically, the same conclusion can be derived in Figure 1. Figure 1 A monopolys output and price The price is determined by demand curve corresponding to the equilibrium quantity at which the MR equals to MC. The profit or loss is again determined by the ATC with reference to the quantity sold and the price charged. Owing to barriers to entry, economic profits will not be eliminated away in the long run. The only difference between short-run and long-run equilibrium is that in the long run, the firm will produce where MR = LRMC. 1.3 Single-price Monopoly Versus Perfect Competition A monopoly and perfect competition are two completely different market structures leading to different price and output decisions. We can summarise their differences as follows: Perfect Competition Monopoly à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Price-taker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Monopoly influences its price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Produce where MR = MC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Produce where MR = MC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P = MR = MC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P > MC; P > MR à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No barriers to entry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Restricts output, charges a higher price In terms of output, a monopoly is always accused of restricting output in order to push the price above the marginal cost. This is known as allocative inefficiency, leading to loss in social welfare. In Figure 2, PM and QM are the price and output decisions of a monopoly, which are less than the corresponding output and price decisions in perfect competition. We can see that the PC and PM for perfect competition are set at P = AR = MR = MC. Figure 2 Price and output decisions in a monopoly and in perfect competition Similarly, the output level is reduced from QC to QM, which will hurt both consumers and producers in terms of loss in consumer surplus and producer surplus. The sum of such loss is known as deadweight loss. Definition A deadweight loss is a loss to society that cannot be recovered. Figure 3 Inefficiency of a monopoly In Figure 3, some of the losses of consumers have been captured by the producer as monopoly gain. However, there is still deadweight loss as illustrated by the area of the triangle. In this respect, a monopoly reduces the potential gain to society in term of social welfare. 1.4 Shortcomings Of A Monopoly A monopoly has the following shortcomings: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Higher price and lower output than under perfect competition in both short run and long run. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Possibility of higher cost due to lack of competition. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unequal distribution of income as income concentrates on monopolies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lack of incentive in invention and innovation. 1.5 Advantages Of A Monopoly A monopoly has the following advantages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economies of scale. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Possibility of lower cost curve due to more research and development and more incentives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I nnovation and new products. 2. Monopolistic Competition The second type of price-searcher is monopolistic competition. Definition Monopolistic competition consists of features of perfect competition and monopoly. A firm in such a market structure is also referred to as open market price-searcher as it is not protected by barriers. 2.1 Characteristics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Large number of sellers (a) Each firm has a small market share. (b) This implies independence of firms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Freedom of entry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Product differentiation Each firm has some market power over its loyal customer. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Each sellers product is a close substitute for many other sellers products (a) Products are made slightly different from others, i.e. differentiation. Definition In differentiation, products are made slightly different from others by brand, packaging, sales location and services. (b) Non-price competition is common. 2.2 Demand Curve Because of product differentiation, a firm can raise its price without losing all its customers. Therefore, the demand curve is downward sloping because a price rise results in the loss of some, but not all customers. The demand curve is relatively elastic because of substitutes from other firms. However, the actual elasticity depends on the degree of product differentiation. Generally, the less differentiated the product is, the more elastic the demand will be, and vice versa. 2.3 Price And Output Determination 2.3.1 Short run A firm in monopolistic competition faces a downward sloping demand curve. The marginal revenue (MR) curve of the firm in monopolistic competition is downward sloping. The profit is maximised where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The profit-maximising output level is determined by the intersection of MR and MC curves. The profit-maximising price is determined by the demand curve. The firm can make a normal profit, an economic profit or a loss, depending on the difference between the price and the average total cost. Since each firm is small and has market power, no single firm can effectively influence what other firms do. If one firm changes its price, this action has no effect on the actions of the other firms. Figure 4 Monopolistic competition in the short run 2.3.2 Long run Economic profits in the short run will attract new entrants. When new firms enter, they share the market demand. The existing firms demand curve shifts inwards, representing less demand. This process continues until all economic profits are exhausted. When only normal profits remain, there is no incentive for new entrants. In Figure 5, the price and quantity are $140 and 60 units respectively. As the price is just equal to ATC, there is no economic profit. Figure 5 Monopolistic competition in the long run The long-run equilibrium will be a position where the downward sloping demand curve is tangent to the LRAC curve. However, the demand curve will never be tangent to the bottom of LRAC because it is downward sloping. The profit-maximising output is 60 units and price is $140. The firm in monopolistic competition has excess capacity as it does not produce at the optimum level of output where the LRAC is the lowest. Figure 6 Excess capacity in monopolistic competition 2.4 Shortcomings Monopolistic competition has the following disadvantages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Owing to monopoly power, long-run equilibrium brings a higher price and lower output than perfect competition. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Owing to downward sloping demand curve, the firms demand curve will never be tangent to the bottom of the LRAC curve, implying that it will not produce at the least-cost point. Therefore, product differentiation in monopolistic competition creates excess capacity (i.e. creates inefficiency). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Less scope for economies of scale as share among many sellers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lack of economic profits in the long run for research and development. 2.5 Advantages Monopolistic competition has the following advantages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Demand curve is highly elastic due to the large number of substitutes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diversity of products is available. (However, it has been argued that the cost of diversity is excess capacity which is a type of inefficiency.) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater freedom of entry when compared with monopoly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Absence of economic profits in the long run helps to keep prices down for consumers. 3. Oligopoly Definition An oligopoly occurs when only a few firms share a large proportion of the industry. 3.1 Characteristics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Few number of sellers Competition among a few, e.g. two to 20. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Products may be identical or differentiated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Barriers to entry Entry may be relatively difficult or impossible (e.g. petroleum). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interdependence of firms Oligopolists react to the pricing policy of rivals. The outcome is that there is no single generally accepted theory of oligopoly. Firms may react differently and unpredictably. A firms policy will depend on how it thinks its competitors will react to its move and the consequence depends on how its competitors really react. 3.2 Collusion And Competition The interdependence of firms in an oligopoly drives firms into one of the following two incompatible policies: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Collusive oligopoly: Oligopolists have formal or tacit agreement to limit competition among themselves to reduce uncertainty. For example, they may set output quotas, fix prices and limit product promotion. The typical collusive oligopoly is a cartel price leadership. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Non-collusive oligopoly: There is no formal agreement among oligopolists. Firms compete for bigger shares of industry profits. 3.3 Collusive Oligopoly A typical collusive oligopoly has these features: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cartel Firms acts like a monopoly to maximise industry profits. (a) Cartel by non-price competition: Market price is set by joint profit maximisation and each firm observes that price. However, they compete for customers in the form of non-price competition. (b) Cartel by quotas: Another way is to set the price by joint profit maximisation. Each firm observes that price, but each firm will take its share or quota of the total quantity demanded at the controlled price. Thus, both cases require adherence to the price-setting by joint profit-maximisation among oligopolists. The only difference is whether the quantity demanded at the controlled price is competed among the firms in the form of non-price competition or is divided among themselves in the form of quotas. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Price leadership The demand curve of price leader represents the market share of the leader. The leader first maximises its profits at the point where leaders MC = MR. The corresponding price of leaders demand curve becomes the market price which every other firm has to follow. The leader supplies at its equilibrium quantity and the followers supply the rest representing the difference between market demand and leaders supply. 3.4 Kinked Demand Curve Model There are many theories to explain different kinds of phenomena in oligopoly. One such theory, the kinked demand curve, is put forward by Paul M. Sweezy to explain the price rigidity or sticky price in an oligopoly industry. Assumptions: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If a firm raises its price, others will not follow. Thus, the demand curve will be more elastic in this range. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If a firm cuts its price, so will the other firms. The demand curve in this range will be less elastic. These assumptions result in the kinked demand curve. In Figure 7, because the demand curve has kinked, the MR has broken as is illustrated by the gap between a and b on the graph. And the output and price would be the same even though the MC rises due to the same level by the equality of MR and MC. Thus, the price will be sticky when the cost increases within a certain range. Figure 7 The kinked demand curve 3.5 Shortcomings An oligopoly has the following disadvantages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shares all the same disadvantages of monopoly, as discussed earlier in this chapter. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Less scope for economies of scale than monopoly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More extensive advertising than monopoly, e.g. non-price competition. 3.6 Advantages An oligopoly has the following advantages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economic profits: returns for research and development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Incentive for innovation: for capturing larger market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater choice: non-price competition through product differentiation. 4. FACTOR MARKET For the production of goods and services, a firm has to acquire factors of production. The markets for factors of production are similar to those of the product market, as they can be categorised into perfect or imperfect markets. The demand for a factor of production is dependent upon the demand of goods that use the factor. Hence, the demand for factors of production is a derived demand. Definition Derived demand is demand for a productive resource that results from the demand for the goods and services produced by the resource. Figure 8 Illustration of the factor and product markets Factor payment is the income for the owner of the factor of production for use of the factor over a period of time. The factor income for labour, land, capital and entrepreneurship are wages, rent, interest and normal profit respectively. In a perfectly competitive factor market, the factor payment is determined by the forces of demand and supply. Figure 9 Demand and supply in the factor market 5. MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY THEORY This theory explains that the demand for a factor depends on the marginal revenue product (MRP) of the factor. Definition Marginal revenue product (MRP) is the additional sales revenue resulting from employing an additional worker. Marginal product (MP) is the extra output produced by the additional worker. The MP curve is downward sloping because of the law of diminishing returns. MRP = MP (factor) x MR (goods) The MRP curve is downward sloping from left to right. It is identical in shape to the MP curve because MR (i.e. price of a good) is constant under perfect competition in the product market. Figure 10 Marginal product for labour and marginal revenue product 6. DEMAND FOR A FACTOR Marginal cost (MC) is the extra cost of employing an additional unit of factor of production. In a perfectly competitive factor market, a firms MC graph for a factor is horizontal because the firm is facing a perfectly elastic supply of the factor. Therefore, MC = Price of the factor (i.e. MC of labour = Wages) 6.1 Profit Maximisation The firm maximises profits when: Marginal cost of hiring an extra unit of labour = Marginal revenue from the labours output to the firm In equilibrium, MC (labour) / Wages (factor price) = MRP Hence, the firms demand curve for labour is identical to its MRP curve. Figure 11 Demand for labour The market demand curve for labour is the sum of quantities of labour demanded by all firms at each wage rate. Chapter Review à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A monopoly is a price-searcher who is a seller with sufficient market power to set his price by adjusting supply. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The monopoly maximises its profit by producing the level of output to MR = MC. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A monopoly restricts output in order to push price above the marginal cost. Such allocative inefficiency leads to a loss in social welfare. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Because of product differentiation, a firm in monopolistic competition can raise its price without losing all its customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The firm in monopolistic competition has excess capacity as it does not produce at the optimum level of output where the LRAC is the lowest. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to the interdependence of firms, oligopolists react to the pricing policy of their rivals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The kinked demand curve explains that the price will be sticky when the cost increases within a certain range. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A firm will maximise profits when the marginal cost of hiring an extra unit of labour = the marginal revenue from the labours output to the firm What You Need To Know à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Monopoly: A firm producing a commodity for which there is no close substitute. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deadweight loss: Loss to society that cannot be recovered. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Single-price monopoly: Monopoly that charges the same price for every unit of output it sells. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Monopolistic competition: This market structure consists of features of perfect competition and monopoly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Differentiation: Products are made slightly different from others by brand, packaging, sales location and services. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Oligopoly: Only a few firms share a large proportion of the industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Derived demand: Demand for a productive resource that results from the demand for the goods and services produced by the resource. Work Them Out 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a monopoly? A The monopolist faces an inelastic demand for its product B There is only one seller in the market C Barriers of entry exist D The monopolist can influence the price 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A As an oligopolist responds to competitors actions, it can be considered a perfectly competitive firm. B Products in an oligopoly may be differentiated. C A cartel is like a monopolist with power to maximise industry profit. D Oligopoly is a market structure favourable to collusion. 3. The characteristic of a monopoly is A its large scale of production B the existence of barriers to entry C the huge initial investment D the necessity for a large market 4. A natural monopoly exists when A a franchise is granted to a firm B economies of scale are necessary C a firm can prevent the entry of competitors D a firm specialises in natural resources extraction 5. The monopolist can make economic profits because A entry is prevented B it charges a high product price C it has low promotion costs D it has a large market share 6. Economic profits earned by a monopolist are most likely due to A barriers of entry B an unexpected rise in the price of its product C good luck D the rate of return allowed by the government 7. Which of the following is NOT a feature of oligopoly? A Only a few firms dominate the industry. B There are no barriers to entry into the industry. C The product may be either homogeneous or differentiated. D Firms in an oligopoly face downward-sloping demand curves. 8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of monopolistic competition? A A single price exists for similar goods. B Only normal profit exists in the long run. C Products are differentiated. D Excess capacity exists in the long run. 9. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A There are numerous sellers in perfect competition. B Products are differentiated in monopolistic competition. C Firms in perfect competition maximise profits. D Information is perfect in monopolistic competition. 10. What is the likely market structure of coffee shops in Hong Kong? A Monopoly B Oligopoly C Monopolistic competition D Perfect competition SHORT QUESTIONS What factor(s) enable(s) a monopoly to earn economic profits in the long run? Why do perfectly competitive firms maximise their profits by producing so that their marginal cost equals the price, but monopolists maximise their profits by setting a price that is greater than marginal costs? What are the characteristics of a market that allows a monopolist to successfully price discriminate between groups? Explain how a firm in an oligopoly can differentiate its product. ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. Peters Toy Factory, a single-price monopoly, has the following demand schedule and total cost for luxury toys: Quantity (Toys) Price ($/Toy) Total Cost ($) 0 10 1 1 8 3 2 6 7 3 4 13 4 2 21 5 0 31 Calculate Peters total revenue schedule. Calculate Peters marginal revenue schedule. Calculate Peters profit-maximising levels of : (i) output (ii) price (iii) marginal cost (iv) marginal revenue (v) profit 2. Mr Ma started a recycling business in Hong Kong this month. He employs students to sort and collect bottles, paying 10 cents for each bottle collected. The students can sort the following number of bottles in an hour. Number Of Students Number Of Bottles 1 200 2 450 3 750 4 1,150 5 1,450 6 1,700 7 1,900 8 2,050 9 2,150 (a) Why does the students marginal product decline? (b) If all other firms pay the students $25 an hour to collect bottles, how many students will Mr Ma hire? If the fee for each collected bottle rises to 12.5 cents and the students wages increases to $37.50 an hour, (c) Calculate and show the changes to the students marginal revenue product in a table. (d) How many students will Mr Ma hire?